Census and Opportunity Insights
| Details | Incarceration rates, upward mobility rates, eventual household income, by Race and Sex |
|---|---|
| Topics | Incarceration, Equity, Income |
| Source | Census and Opportunity Insights |
| Years Available | 2018 |
| Geographies | tract, county, commuting zone |
| Public Edition or Subscriber-only | Public Edition |
| Download Available | yes |
| For more information | https://opportunityinsights.org/ |
| Last updated on PolicyMap | May 2019 |
Description:
Opportunity Insights, a team of researchers and policy analysts based at Harvard University, conducted a longitudinal study of economic and social conditions of adults based on where they were raised. One of the products of this study was a dataset published at https://opportunityinsights.org/. This dataset includes average household earnings and incarceration rates for adults who were raised in low income households in a given tract, county, or commuting zone.
The researchers used demographic data from the 2000 and 2010 Census short forms, combined with data from the 2000 Census long form and 2015 American Community Survey. They linked this Census data with tax returns from 1989, 1994, 1995, and 1998 to 2015. By combining all this data at the person level, they were able to match people who were born from 1978 to 1983 with the census tracts where they were born and raised, and with the household earnings of their parents. They used this longitudinal dataset to calculate the incarceration rate (per 100 people) for people raised in households with incomes less than the 25th percentile based on whether they were in jail or prison on April 1, 2010, the reference date of the 2010 Census for two genders—men and women—and three racial and ethnic groups—Black, Hispanic, and White. Average household income was also calculated for this age cohort and parental income group using the income data from the tax returns. Incarceration rates and average incomes were prorated based on how much time the person spent in a given tract or county in their youth, and information was suppressed for areas with fewer than 20 children. Some noise was also infused into the source data to preserve privacy.
Available Data Layers & Indicators (251)
| Eventual household income for Asian men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Asian women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Black women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Hispanic women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for Native American women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for White women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for men who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for people who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women who stayed in the same metro area raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women who stayed in the same metro area raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Eventual household income for women who stayed in the same metro area raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Asian women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Black women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Hispanic women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for Native American women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for White women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for people of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for people of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Incarceration rate for women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Asian women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Black women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Hispanic women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for Native American women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for White women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for men raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for people raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women of another race raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women of another race raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women of another race raised in very low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women raised in low income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women raised in middle income families as of 2018. |
| Upward mobility rate for women raised in very low income families as of 2018. |